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Why do rugby players scrum and maul at such different body heights?

Scrums and mauls are the two great dominance contests within the game of rugby. Marked superiority in either of these forms of engagement can affect the morale of both teams in a way that a corresponding supremacy at say the lineout does not.

Bank Of America Investment Forward packs spend countless hours developing scrum technique but very much less attention is given to the maul, particularly in a defensive situation. Scrums are also elaborately structured whereas mauls tend to be chaotic. To a large extent this is due to the relative extent to which the two are regulated by the Laws of Rugby. Law 20, relating to the scrum, comprises three times as many pages as Law 17 pertaining to the maul.

Walter Camp, a sensational Yale University player and a driving force behind many new rules, is known as the father of American football. Camp helped write the first rules for football — which was already being played in universities on the East Coast and in Canada — in about 1876. In 1880, he authored rules that reduced the number of players per team from 15 to 11 (today's total) and replaced the rugby scrum with the center snap to put the ball in play. (In a scrum, players from both sides close up tightly together. The players then try to gain possession of the ball with their feet. Gaining possession with one's hands is unique to American football — both rugby and soccer forbid it.)

Investment Opportunity Unlike the scrum, the Laws are largely silent on what players can do in the maul. Within the maul itself the most relevant clauses are that "Players joining a maul must have their heads and shoulders no lower than their hips" (17.2 (a)); they "must endeavour to stay on their feet" (17.2 (d)); and "A player must not intentionally collapse a maul" (17.2 (e)). Thus there remains considerable latitude for creativity.

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Banc Of America Investment One very marked difference between the two contests is that in the scrum either pack, whether having the feed or not, has the opportunity to establish dominance and drive the other pack back. By contrast it is very rare in the maul for the side not in possession to gain significant ground. This is largely due to the fact that the team with the ball is able to surreptitiously transfer the ball laterally from hand to hand so that the push from their opponents bypasses the ball-carrier, allowing him to be driven forward more or less unimpeded.

One of the French Rugby team's biggest supporters, a man who's relying on the success of the Rugby World Cup, is getting pushed around in the scrum a bit. French President Nicolas Sarkozy faces a nationwide strike on one hand and on the other, rumors that his marriage to a former model could be on the rocks.

Banking Investment I believe that players can be trained to maul much more effectively and the secret is body height. In a typical situation where a maul forms the ball carrier stands upright, making no attempt to crouch. A team mate may attempt to seal off the ball with his shoulder at chest height of the ball-carrier. The first opposing player binds on the ball-carrier at waist height. None of these players would have their legs positioned to exert an effective forward shove.

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Investment Solution Strategic The body height adopted by the first players engaging from each team usually defines the height of their side of the ensuing maul. Subsequent players typically bind against the buttocks of the players in front of them. Players arriving at a maul tend to simply bend at the waist when joining the contest.

Bristol Rugby are the first class rugby club in Bristol, England. known rugby union clubs in England, and has, over the years, produced some of the most famous players in the game, relying in large part on the many junior rugby clubs in the region, particularly those from "the Combination" (the Bristol and District Rugby Football Combination).

Investment Banking Services Compare the likely height of this maul with the body height of the same players in a scrum situation. It can be confidently anticipated that body heights would be at least 300mm lower in a scrum than in a maul.

Bank Investment If the first defending player were to bind around the thighs of his opponent rather than the waist, he would create a platform for his team mates to bind at something close to scrummaging height. Each of the players is then likely to have optimal hip and knee joint angles for generating forward momentum. It might even be advantageous for players to adopt the second-rower's technique of binding between the thighs of the player in front, whether team mate or foe. The one essential requirement is that players packing low secure a very firm grip to avoid being penalised for going to ground.

Alternative Investment While front row players in the scrum are prohibited from "lifting or forcing an opponent up" (20.8 (i)), there is no corresponding restriction in relation to mauls. Although lifting is treated as "dangerous play" in the scrum, it does not have the same connotation in the maul where players are bound in an unstructured way and not confined or compressed as in the scrum. With his shoulder under his opponent's buttocks a player is ideally placed to drive up, forcing the opponent to give ground.

Online Investment Services While mauls are often formed in an unstructured way, many of them emerge from static engagements such as the lineout or where the ball is being contested after a tackle. In such a situation a well-drilled team would have the opportunity to rapidly adopt a pseudo-scrum formation and drive forward. Not only are they likely to gain advantage in that particular maul, but the practice of adopting biomechanically superior body positions will undoubtedly be energy-conserving over the course of a game.

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Investment Company Bruce Ross is CEO of MyoQuip, manufacturers of variable-resistance strength machines including the rugby-specific ScrumTruk and JumpTruk, and the HipneeFlex and HipneeThrust
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MyoQuip Blog - strength equipment, rugby football

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