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Bank Of America Investment Viewed from atop a rocky hill beside this remote hamlet, the worn earthen mounds and canals of an ancient farming system that once fed an empire stretch out to the horizon.

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Investment Opportunity The method faded out of use a millennium ago. But today it has been brought back to life by dozens of Indian communities located on the plains around Lake Titicaca as a way to protect crops against drought, floods and even frost damage.

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Banc Of America Investment Known as "waru waru," in the local Quechua language, the technique has proven an inexpensive way to improve crop yields and ease the punishing effects of farming at 12,500 feet above sea level on the Andean plains.

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Banking Investment Despite its demonstrated success, however, the rediscovered system may once again slip into history without an authoritarian civilization to insure its maintenance.

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Investment Solution Strategic Two decades ago, American anthropologists began rebuilding the waru warus with the help of local communities in an attempt to better understand how they might have worked.

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Investment Banking Services Modern-day Indians used traditional tools, including Andean foot plows that have changed little in thousands of years, to cut accumulated sod out of the old canals and restore the waru warus to their former dimensions.

Bank Investment The scientists found that the technique not only worked it tripled crop production.

Alternative Investment Excited by the possibility of ancient technology succeeding where costly machinery and chemical fertilizers had failed to beat hunger, private development organizations and the Peruvian government rushed in to aid farmers.

Online Investment Services "There was waru waru fever to reconstruct ancient technology back then," said Alipio Canahua, a program director for the international humanitarian agency CARE.

Accompany Essential Investment Between 1986 and 2001 some 15 groups rehabilitated 10,100 acres, Canahua said in his Puno office, about an hour southeast of Alto Catacha on Lake Titicaca. He said as much as 250,000 acres in the area show traces of waru warus.

Investment Company Dimensions vary, but the raised fields are generally one yard high, four to 10 yards wide, 10 to 100 yards long and separated by similarly sized canals.

Investment Management Solution Potatoes and grains such as quinoa are grown in the elevated earth, while underwater ferns in the canals provide a home for nitrogen-rich green algae that provide a natural fertilizer.

Investment Management Services The water in the canals allows for "splash irrigation" and even creates a slightly warmer micro-climate that protects crops from the killer frost of the harsh altiplano nights. By absorbing the strong equatorial sunlight during the day, the water retains enough solar radiation to raise overnight temperatures by nearly 4 degrees Fahrenheit.

Guide Investment Stock Anthropologists from the University of Illinois working in Peru also confirmed another suspected benefit that the raised systems provided a buffer against the notoriously fluctuating lake.

Investment Manual Solution In 1983, the water in restored canals helped irrigate crops during a severe drought that damaged nearby conventional fields. Three years later, the elevated fields survived heavy flooding that inundated neighboring flatlands.

Investment Stock The University of Chicago's Alan Kolata, who rebuilt raised fields attributed to the ancient Tiwanaku culture on the lake's southern flood plain in northern Bolivia, has determined that the technique dates back to about A.D. 500.

Essential Investment Solution But beginning about A.D. 1100, a 300-year-long drought dropped the water table and dried up fields, Kolata's research has shown. The ensuing collapse of the agricultural system led to a political crisis that plunged the region into a pastoral dark age, he suggests.

Citicorp Investment Services "There was a sustained boom in the agricultural fields and then a serious bust when the water was cut off," he said. "They didn't diversify their investment."

Fool Guide Investment Motley Canahua said he still sees many of the raised fields being maintained since the CARE program ended in 2001. He is now looking at using them in conjunction with other ancient techniques such as interconnected irrigation lakes called "qochas" and the Inca-built terraces known as "andenes" for farming the steep Andean slopes.

Fidelity Investment Services "For me, the waru warus aren't the solution. They are an option one more option," Canahua said.

Investment Management Kolata believes the success of rediscovered technology boils down to governments getting the economic incentives right.

Francisco Investment San Unlike raised fields on the Peruvian side of the border, his test fields known as "sukacollos" in the Aymara language spoken south of Puno were quickly abandoned when the Bolivian government and private groups did not step in.

Mellon Investment Services "There is a moral to the tale of Tiwanaku," he said. "There was a tremendous investment by the state over a 600-year period and it worked."

Finance Investment In Cutini Capilla, an Aymara community on the western shore of Lake Titicaca about halfway between Puno and the ruins of the ancient Tiwanaku capital, 53-year-old Luis Tulco said the raised fields his village built five years ago are doing well.

Investment Manual Science "Before, this area always flooded, but now we have waru warus and this land is useful," he said in heavily accented Spanish as he stood at the edge of an elevated field of purplish quinoa under an enormous blue sky.

Investment Advisory Services Cesar Mamani, the 45-year-old president of the 65-family community, agreed.

Advice Investment "Old techniques remind us of our ancestors and our ancestors had good ideas," he said.

Guide Investment Associated Press - 8/6/2003

Topic: Agriculture

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